Alice Walker Uses Symbolism to Address Three Issues Essay Example for Free

Alice Walker wonts Symbolism to Address Three Issues EssayBorn on February 9, 1944 in Eatonton, Georgia, Alice Malsenior Walker was the eighth and youngest pincer of poor sh becroppers. Her fathers great-great-great grandm other, Mary Poole was a slave, forced to walk from Virginia to Georgia with a baby in each arm. Walker is deeply proud of her cultural heritage. In addition to her literary talents Walker was involved in the civil rights movement in the 1960s, walking door-to-door promoting voters registration among the rural poor. Walker was present to cypher Martin Luther Kings I have a dream speech. In August 1963 Alice traveled to Washington D. C. to take part in the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Perched in a tree limb to try to get a view, Alice couldnt see much of the main podium, but was able to hear Dr. Kings I Have A Dream address. (Alice Walker Biography) Walker is a vegetarian involved in many other issues, including nuclear proliferation, and the env ironment. Her insight to African American culture comes from her travel and experiences in both America and Africa.Walker is an activist regarding oppression and power, championing victims of racism and sexism. After her precedent setting, and controversial thirteen-year marriage to a white, Jewish, civil rights lawyer, Alice fell in complete with Robert Allen, editor of Black Scholar. She is currently living in Mendocino, California and is exploring her bi-sexuality. Alice Walkers first novel, The Third Life of Grange Copeland was published the week her daughter was born. Walker received assess for this work, but also criticism for dealing too harshly with the male characters in the book.Walkers best-known novel, The Color Purple won the Pulitzer Prize in 1982, and was do into a movie. Walker was the first black author honored by a Pulitzer. In Celies letters to God, she tells her story about her role as wife, mother, daughter, and sister, and other women who help shape her li fe. Walker portrays Africa in a positive way, and looks to it as a form of artistic and ideological expression. Walker was also criticized for her portrayal of men, lots as violent rapists and wife beaters.Even as she portrays men, often in a bad light, she likes to focus on the strength of women. In her story, Everyday substance abuse Alice Walker uses symbolism to address three main issues racism, feminism and the black Americans search for cultural identity. The story Everyday Use is set in the modern 60s or early 70s and the setting is an impoverished home in Georgia. The critical analysis of Everyday Use from the web site Sistahspace presented the future(a) interpretation This was a time, when African-Americans were struggling to define their personal identities in cultural terms.The term Negro had been recently removed from the vocabulary, and had been replaced with Black. There was Black Power, Black Nationalism, and Black Pride. Many blacks treasured to rediscover the ir African roots, and were ready to reject and deny their American heritage, which was filled with stories of pain and injustice. Alice Walker is, as David Cowart argues, satirizing the heady rhetoric of late 60s black consciousness, deconstructing its pieties (especially the rediscovery of Africa) and assert neglected revalues (Cowart, 182).The central theme of the story concerns the way in which an individual understands his present life in relation to the traditions of his people and culture. (Sistahspace) Everyday Use depicts a poor, illiterate black mother who rejects the shallow Black Power ideals of her older, outspoken daughter, Dee, in favor of the practical values of her younger, less privileged daughter, Maggie. mum is the orator, and like griots from tribes in Africa, she perpetuates the oral traditions and bill of the family. Mamas upbeat self-image in spite of little formal education, leads the reader to feel the intense pride she has in maintaining self-sufficiency . As discussed in David Whites critical analysis of (Everyday Use Defining African-American Heritage), Mamas lack of formal education does not prevent her from formulating a sense of heritage free-swimming to the Black Power movement held by her, purportedly educated, daughter Dee. Mamas daughter, Dee (Wangero), has a much more superficial idea of heritage. She is portray as bright, beautiful, and self-centered.Maggie is the younger daughter, who lives with Mama. She is shake up and ashamed, lying back in corners, cowering away from people. (White, David) (Everyday Use Defining African-American Heritage. ) Maggie understands her heritage, and appreciates the significance of everyday things in the house. She is uneducated, and not in the least outspoken, and is unable to pay eye contact. Maggie has stooped posture and walks with a shuffle, this, combined with her inability to look you in the eye, points to her vulnerability in dealing with newfound black rights.Mamas daughter Dee, who is portrayed as quite successful, has come home to visit and display her new African style heritage. Dee has adopted things African and has changed her name to Wangero. As she handles the everyday articles fashion and used by previous generations, she believes they should be displayed to her white girlfriends, especially the old quilts made by Mama, her sister and her mother. Mama has promised the quilts to Maggie but Dee says, Maggie does not understand their value and would just put them to everyday use. (Walker, Everyday Use) Mama must decide which daughter should receive the family quilts. Finally, Mama realizes that her daughter, Maggie, has a closer connection with her view of family history than Dee does and gives her the quilts. This is the first time Mama has asserted any authority over Dee. On a deeper level, Alice Walker is exploring the concepts of racism and the evolution of Black Society following the end of slavery, through the era of Martin Luther King, and fina lly to the Black Power movement in the late 1960s and early 1970s.Maggie, Mama, Dee/Wangaro and Hakim-a Barber, symbolize this. Mama is illiterate, because her school unopen when she was in the second grade. The role of black Americans in the late 1920s is best illustrated by Mamas line, School was closed down. Dont ask me why in 1927 benighted asked fewer questions that they do now (Walker, Everyday Use) When Mama describes the old house, burning down it symbolizes the ending of slavery and the decreed civil rights.The scars that Mammas daughter Maggie, bear are representative of the pain of the past and difficulty in moving from the role of subservience to equality. Maggie has difficulty looking you in the eye just as the American Negro had difficulty moving from the subservient role to peer in dealings with whites. Maggies head down on the chest at first appears as an as shame for her scars from the house fire, but they come to symbolize a person caught in the old black paradi gm, unable to embrace newfound freedoms in society.The fire of slavery has damaged Maggie and she resigns herself to a transitional cultural existence, neither old nor new. Mama represents the ideals of Martin Luther King through her dream of going on the insurgent Carson show to meet Dee. She embraces the idea of this fantasy and takes pleasure in replaying it in her mind. Ultimately, Mamma is thrust back to the reality that it will never happen, just as she seems to resign herself to the fact that Kings dreams are not real for her generation but for the next.

Goin’ Cholita Essay Essay Example for Free

Goin Cholita Essay EssayGoin Gangsta, Choosin Cholita, by Nell Bernstein, is aiming identity and describing how the y starth in certain parts of the rustic are choosing their preferred identity rather than accepting their ingest. For example, in Bernsteins essay a girl named April, living in California, wants to be Mexican therefore, she dresses like and attempts to clack in the same accent as a true Mexican, even though she is Anglo. I agree with Bernstein that people are influenced by what they see and hear. April portrays a perfect cholita, with her dark lipstick, even darker lip liner, and baggy pants, blue plaid Pendleton and her bangs pulled back tight off her forehead. I also believe, like Bernstein, that people claim only part of their ethnicity to fit in. Even though April looks and acts like a Cholita she is of Anglo descent. The essay also specifically talks about the state of California, where all this identity changing is happening due to the great diversity o f race here.Bernstein claims that this is a positive situation when youths use up an identity other than their own identity. Whatever subscribes them sense better or boosts their self-esteem is okay, I guess? However, they stillness cause to face the facts they cannot change their identity. I do not k right off what dictionary Bernstein is reading, precisely the definition of identity does not include the word appearance. Identity is who a person is, not who they appear to be. Nell Bernstein does a genuinely good job in describing the glamour, associated with race.It seems, there is always a particular culture that many people want to be associated with and hang around. In the case of Goin Gangsta, Choosin Cholita Bernstein talks about how teens choose and define their identity, what claiming, an ethnic identity is, and what the concept of city is according to these teens. Bernstein explains that as time goes by the suburbs are meet more diverse, and people in the suburbs ha ve become infatuated with the city deportment. The glamour of this may be media-generated.We come from a society that pushed for the concept of white is right, for such a foresightful time that now there are backlashes from other cultures, races, and minorities. Many great strives have been made by various ethnic hosts. Accomplished actors and actresses of these ethnic cultures make most oftentimes these strive for all to see because of the glamour and prestige that they hold in Hollywood. Actresses such as Jennifer Lopez, and Halle Berry are most often credited with moving ahead both women, and those of Latino and African descent.Men such as Denzel Washington and John Leguizamo are very well prize actors in the field as well. With the success of these role models, as well as the acceptance of diversity has become many Caucasian students are now being rejected. Many of the relatives and bases had to fight very hard for their rights and this may be why many younger generations want to be like them because they can happen upon with them and also because of how glamorous their lives seemed, and because of portrayal in the media.They claim these cultures to be accepted and more admirationed. Actually many generations of these cultures do press the importance of filial worship (respect for their elders), deep within their cultures as opposed to those of Caucasian families who viewed by other cultures, do not know their place. Because of the emphasis on heritage of the quickly populating cultures in their areas, many quality they do not belong. Because of this nuclear family as opposed to multi-generational, many cultures could clash.Glamorous is a life where everyone else belongs because of how he or she looks or what ancestor they have which entitles them to prestige, finally because of the long awaited freedom and hardships that they had to endure to get there. Embrace your family you are one of us if you are in any group of people. Look at movies like The Godfather. Italian-Americans involved with the Mafia worked hard for family to be able to provide for them, but were also caught up in some baffling stuff.Italians/ Italian-Americans who ran around shooting on behalf of who they were, as well as against those of the same culture that was at odds with them. It seemed like a very glamorous life even though those involved would say that it was far from it. Many cultures today or those who want to be involved in these cultures, adorn themselves with stereotypes and simply to be accepted, as Bernstein states, they are very young but may not understand the full comprehension of all that was involved, it may be the influence of being tough, bad, and able to bounce back with a greater force that these teens look for. They are at a very young age and are still growing. The ability to take on these preset identities (stereotypes) may feel that it helps them find out who they are because adolescence is a very unsure time. The ability to fit-in such as school, friends, and communities also play a very critical role in the development of an adolescent. Many kids who are raised in the suburbs now a days feel as if they have to choose a crew to hang around. Even the white kids do not feel safe in their own streets unless they are hanging with the bad crew.Kids feel the need to choose what group they belong to based on the way they dress, what music they listen to, and whom they see as a role model figure. Kids should not be forced at such a young age to claim something they are not. Children should be royal of the race they originally are. With the growing amount of races becoming more diverse in not only in the suburbs but around the world, it is important for parents to enforce the values of nationality. The author made it very important to write this article in order to show people the truth behind color.Although it may be easier for a child to join a group and feel accepted, they should also know that they woul d not truly be accepted until they accept themselves. Cultures are becoming more and more diverse. Although culture is constantly changing, people should not change their personal values in order to feel accepted. In conclusion, I feel the media does play a role in stereotyping these cultures and making them seem more glamorous, but the actual families of those from the actual cultures (Latino, African, etc. ) stress the importance of filial piety.This respect for ancestors joined with expectations and role models in the media can make this seem more glamorous. Adolescents that are trying to find out who they are in a very critical time in their lives often fall back onto this because identity already seems preset, and is easier to follow that finding out one for their self. Many Caucasian teens are being ridiculed because of what they are and history, so they often desperately pull from what they know to be able to fit in better and not be ridiculed as much, but more accepted.With cultures melting together today and many marriages creating children of various backgrounds, it can be very confusing for children of these higher populated states to find out who they are. The glamorous look may come from the comradely that these cultures have for members within. It may be looked at as glamorous because of the popularity of its members or even how it is shown in the media, but it is most glamorous for those who are not of the decent because they finally have a place to belong among those who accept them because of it.

Analysis of the Indo Nepal Mahakali Treaty

Analysis of the Indo Nepal Mahakali accordCHAPTER IINTRODUCTIONHumans beings depend a lot on the natural picks provided by the nature for their survival. The recent per centum epoch point of human history differs with the earlier period in its strikingly high rate of vision utilisation. In the present environment, apart from capacity the other consequential focus of any nation is in garnishing idle water, one of the most precious natural resource. Water is required for the domestic use, industrial purpose and agriculture. With the change magnitude human population and depleting natural resources, as perceived by most, water is likely to be a source of major conflict in the tight fitting future. As per analysis, with the impact of global warming and population boom, by the year 2025 our world would be suffering from dramatic effects of hydrologic poverty. There would be enceinte disputes and even war over water.For a land, water is brought by two ways, either as precipi tation over her national territory or as inflow from upstream countries in the same river basin. The use and misuse of water in the upstream countries affects its quality and drill in the d admitstream country.South Asia is a region for two water abundance as closely as water scarcity. The Hindukush Himalayan region together with the ancillary mountains is one of the largest store houses of fresh water in the world with most of the nations of this exchange continent depending on the same in one way or the other. However, water problem in Asia is already severe, with a large population not having access to safe drinking water.Both India and Nepal share one of the largest geo hydrological region called the Ganga Brahmaputra basin. Most of the major rivers of the sub basin of Ganges river originates from Nepal and thus are trans boundary in nature. Nepal occupies 13 percent of the total drainage of Ganges basin and in terms of yearly water flow it contri entirelyes up to 45 perce nt. In dry seasons, Nepals contribution to the total run off is almost 70 percent1. The hydrological features bind twain India and Nepal geographically as far as water resource is fill. There is con positionrable range of a function for joint endeavour between both the nations on do its pertaining to water resource development and water management. However unhomogeneous humps relating to the same has not been smooth .The geopolitical influence, big undersize country syndrome, failure to under stand separately others esthesia and negative approach has led to a situation which may become a source of future conflict and a major output in shaping the eventualities between both the countries.METHODOLOGYStatement of ProblemThis dissertation attempts to die the genesis of the problem with regard to the Indo Nepal Mahakali pact and suggest measures to resolve the in decennarysify divide.HypothesisThe Mahakali treaty is airally operational. However, there is a dis sympathy ove r interpretation of the supplyings. A negotiation based on equitable communion, i.e. having follow rights on utilisation of the water resource and related sire ins depending on each riparian offers economic and social need can resolve the deepening divide.Justification of the believeWater insecurity is omnipresent in the region, visible in conflicts and tensions erupting within and crossways countries. As water is becoming a scanty and critical resource with every passing day, sharing and management of trans-boundary water continues to be a bone of contention in any attempts to build a common understanding, stability, mollification and cooperation in the region. Though there are a numerous treaties as far as sharing of trans- boundary river is concerned, however in many go unders the zygomorphous treaties gestural by different countries and India themselves sacrifice become sites of conflict.For a fast developing economy and for a nation like India which believes in the p rinciples of peaceful co existence, there arises a need to address issues which are of concern. As regards to the region is concerned, water governance specifically and ecological governance at large has never been as strong, nor as urgent as now with the growing impact of global warming and depleting fresh water bodies. There has always been the big versus small nation syndrome on many such(prenominal) issues.The need to resolve issues pertaining to trans boundary water is very much essential for peace and cooperation in South Asia. hence there arises a need to institute a framework for water governance that is fair, equitable and environmentally sound and resolve such issues which when addressed befittingly could go a long way in the development of the region as a whole.ScopeThis study concentrates on the Mahakali Integrated Development Treaty under the backdrop of various principles of international law governing international rivers and thereafter advocates some suggestions to resolve the conflict. Although various other joint water resource development treaties currently in place between the two countries are inextricably linked with the subject, the same debate has been excluded from the subject.Method of Data Collection selective information for this dissertation was obtained from documentary and non- documentary sources. Cyber media was adequately accessed to obtain the latest views on the subject. A bibliography is appended at the end of the text.Organisation of the DissertationIt is proposed to study the subject in the following manner-Chapter II Background of the Treaty. This chapter tries to examine the various issues and treaties pertaining to water sharing between the two countries which had a direct impact on the pass over of the Mahakali water treaty.Chapter III The Provisions of the Treaty This chapter deals with the twelve mutually accepted articles of the Mahakali water treaty concerning the integrated development of the Mahakali bomb be tween the erstwhile His Majestys organization of Nepal and the government of India.Chapter IV Issues of Conflict Though the treaty is formally operational, however the implementation of the provisions has been slow due to dis concord over interpretation of the provisions. This chapter tries to analyse the differences that had emerged between both India and Nepal on various issues pertaining to the treaty.Chapter V Principles of International Law Governing International Rivers In this chapter the four basic theories with regard to the water rights of various riparian states are dwelled upon.Chapter VI Possible Measures to Mitigate the Conflict. Though steps have been initiated to resolve the conflict still there are differences over the treaty. In this chapter an endeavour has been made to study various methods to mitigate the deepening divide.CHAPTER IIBACKGROUND OF THE TREATYBoth India and Nepal share many rivers such as Kosi, Gandaki, Karnali and Mahakali. In order to harness the bring ins of the Mahakali river between India and Nepal, a multipurpose project was planned. The Mahakali treaty though provides for a structure of a project on the Mahakali river however it has its priming to various historical events, which led to the conclusion of these compacts.As regard to the Indo Nepal water treaty, the water resource development accompaniments back to 1920 when the British Indian government resolved to build the Sarda barrage to irrigate the United Province. As per the treaty, Nepal government agreed to transfer 4093.88 acres of her drink down on the east banks of Mahakali river to build a barrage. In exchange Nepal received an equal amount of forest land from the British Indian government to the east2. In addition the British Indian government also agreed to give 50,000 rupees, a allow of 4.25 cubic meters per sec (cumsecs) out of an annual flow of 650 cumsecs during dry season and 13 cumsecs of water in the wet season which could be further in creased to 28.34 cumsecs if water was available3.The project was undertaken by the British Indian government for its own benefit and at her own cost in addition to an equitable transfer of land with some benefits as regard to sharing of water is concerned, being provided to the Nepal government.In 1954 India and Nepal sign(a) the Kosi engagement which entailed construction of a impede on the Kosi river for the use of the river water. The Kosi river is one of the major rivers of Nepal. One of the peculiarities of the river being that it shifts its course frequently and used to flood the plains of Bihar. The Kosi project agreement was signed with the aim of preventing floods in Bihar, diverting the confined water for irrigation and hydropower generation (20,000 KW)4. The 1.15 km barrage was completed in 1962. The barrage was entirely in Nepal with the eastern main canal in India5. the project was seriously criticised at all levels in Nepal, the complaint being that it was a sell ou t of national airscrew for Indias benefits and that nothing had been obtained for Nepal in return for a huge expenditure of resources. Subsequently on Nepals insistence, talks were held to revise the agreement in 1966. Later in 1982 the westward main canal was completed of which 35 km stretch of the canal passed through Nepal which was designed to irrigate 356000 hectares of land as far as Darbhanga in India towards the west and 11000 hectares of land in Nepal6. Though the project was completed however there arose a discontented feeling in Nepal. Nepals concerns were that the project gave limited benefit to her compared to India. Though India adjusted to the concerns of Nepal, the agreement created a rift in the relations between the two countries and Nepal became cautious for initiation of any sensitive agreement.In 1959 India and Nepal signed the Gandak Irrigation and originator encounter Agreement. As per the agreement, Nepal government allowed India to construct a barrage a t her own cost. The barrage was designed to irrigate 920,000 hectares of land in the state of Bihar and 37,000 hectares in western Nepal from the eastern main canal and similarly 930,000 hectares in Uttar Pradesh and 20,000 hectares in Nepal from the western main canal7. The barrage was constructed on the Indo Nepal Border. The agreement met similar admonition as had the Kosi project.The discontented feelings arising from the Kosi and the Gandak irrigation project were the reasons which inhibited any progress on the projects to include the Pancheswar and Saptakosi to name a few later on. Furthermore a positive amendment made Parliamentary ratification necessary by two third majorities for any treaty or agreement relating to natural resources which affect the country in a pervasively grave manner or on a long term basis.In the meantime, in 1983, India began constructing the Tanakpur Project. The project was started unilaterally on the land which was transferred to India under the Sarda agreement8. Problems started on the eastern afflux bund that required tying the barrage to the high ground on the left bank in Nepal. India needed almost 2.9 hectares of Nepalese land to construct an embankment to prevent back water effects due to the barrage. In lieu Indian agreed to provide 25,000 cusecs of water as well as supply 25 MW of electrical energy. Nepal however demanded 50 and 59 percent share in water and electricity respectively. Nepals public stand was that India never consulted or brought to notice any prior information on the issue. The project arrived at a political stale mate. In December 1991 during the visit of Nepalese Prime Minister to India, it was concluded that Nepal government would allow construction of the 577 meters left afflux bund in its territory so as to prevent a recurrence and to keep in line poundage of water at the dam site. In return India agreed to provide 1000 cusecs of water annually with 10 billion units of electricity. However th e issue led to a political turmoil in Nepal. The opposition in Nepal wanted the Tanakpur project understanding to be treated as a treaty and thus requiring ratification. In October 1992 under a new Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), India agreed to provide 20 million units of electricity against the previous figure of 10 million units to Nepal9.The Supreme Court of Nepal affirmed its verdict on a petition filed on the issue that the MoU between the governments was indeed a treaty but left it to the government of Nepal to decide whether a simple majority or a two-third majority would be required for its ratification10. The political turbulence on the issue led to the Prime Minister of Nepal dissolving the fantan and in the fresh polls in 1994 none of the party received clear majority to form a government. Subsequently a new government under Communist Party of Nepal United Marxist Leninist (CPN UML) was formed being in majority. Under the new government renegotiations were sought on the Tanakpur project. The Nepalese government demanded increase in quantum of electricity as well as water and construction of a repositing high dam at Pancheswar upstream of Tanakpur site on the Mahakali river11.The Mahakali TreatyThe flow of the Mahakali river is through the districts Danchula, Baitadi and Dadeldh in the hills and subsequently the river flows through the Kanchanpur district in the plains. subsequently the river arrives into the plains it turns into a gross profit margin between both the countries. The river joins the Ghagra river in the Indian territory. In 1971, Nepal began her Mahakali Irrigation project. Under the 1920 Sarda agreement, Nepal was permitted to utilise its share of river water. For the project, World Bank provided the assistance12.In 1977 both India and Nepal agreed to jointly investigate the possibilities of harnessing the Mahakali river further between the two countries. It was the fourth major water treaty being considered between the two c ountries. The treaty concerned the development of Mahakali river for the benefit of both the countries. The treaty was signed between India and Nepal in 1996. The treaty was signed under the back drop of previous treaties which had led to a feeling of mistrust as far as water agreements were concerned and to a great extent shaped the outcome of the Mahakali treaty. The treaty tried to bring within its fold other treaties and tried to arrive with principle of cost benefit sharing. The treaty provides for the construction of and use of a giant, multipurpose project on the Mahakali river called as the Pancheswar project.In January 1996 the Mahakali treaty was ratified in Nepalese parliament by more than two third majorities. However prior to ratification, the Nepalese parliament unanimously passed a stricture on the treaty which redefined the water rights. The features of strictures were as under13-The electricity generated by Nepal would be sold to India as per the avoided cost princi pal.Constitution of Mahakali bursting charge on agreement with the main opposition party in the parliament as well as with the recognised national parties.Equal entitlement in the usage of the waters of the Mahakali river.The saying that Mahakali is a boundary river on major stretches between the two countries implies that it is basically a border river.CHAPTER IIITHE PROVISIONS OF THE MAHAKALI INTEGRATED ripening TREATYThe treaty came into existence in 1996 and is called as the Mahakali Integrated Development Treaty. The treaty is designed by India with the aim of mutual sharing of the river as well as the electricity generated therein. The treaty comprises three projects as under-The Pancheswar Multi Project14 It is a major project entailing construction of a 315 m high dam across the Mahakali river between Pithoragarh and the Baitadi district of Nepal. This project contains the most important content of the treaty. It proposes a joint indo Nepal hydroelectric project on the ri ver on the basis of 50 percent cost benefit split.The Tanakpur Hydropower Project15 As per the treaty, Nepal to continue to have sovereignty over the 2.9 hectare which was needed to build the eastern afflux bund, as well as a hectare of pondage field. In return India would provide 1000 cusecs of water in the wet season and 300 cusecs of water in the dry season. Also India would provide 70 million units of electricity to Nepal and construct an all weather road to connect Tanakpur barrage to Nepals East West highway.The Sarda Barrage16 As per the treaty Nepal has a right to supply 1000 cusecs of water from the barrage during the wet season i.e. between whitethorn 15 to October 15 and 150 cusecs in the dry season from October 16 to whitethorn 15. Also India is bound to maintain a flow of minimum 350 cusecs of water to preserve the river ecosystem.The project tries to develop a principle of sharing cost benefit. It recognises Mahakali as a border river on major stretches between the tw o countries. The agreement also covers flood management and irrigation aspect apart from power generation.The treaty was signed on 12 February 1996 by the Prime Ministers of India and Nepal at Kathmandu. The treaty comprises twelve articles excluding the preamble as given in succeeding paragraphs17.Article 1As per the Article 1, Nepal would have the right to a supply of 28.35 cu m/s (1000 cusecs) of water from the Sarda barrage in the wet season (i.e. from May 15 to October 15) and 4.25 cu m/s (150 cusecs) in the dry season (i.e. from October 16 to May 14). Also India has to maintain a flow of not less(prenominal) than 10 cu m/s (350 cusecs) downstream of the Sarda barrage in the Mahakali river to maintain and preserve the river eco system. Moreover in case the Sarda barrage became non functional due to any cause, the following would be adhered-Nepal shall have the right to a supply of water as mentioned above by using leave regulators as mentioned in Article 2. The water that is s upplied would be in addition to the water to be supplied as mentioned in that paragraph.India shall maintain 350 cusecs of water flow from Tanakpur Power Station downstream of Sarda barrage.Article 2As per the joint communiqu of 21 October 1992, for the construction of the eastern afflux bund on the Tanakpur barrage, at Jimuwa and subsequently tying it up at EL 250 m in Nepal, Nepal gave consent to about 577 m i.e. 2.9 hectares of land. However Nepal proposed to have her sovereign control on the land including the pond age area which falls in Nepalese territory and thus relax to exercise all attendant rights thereto. Also in return to the land for construction of the eastern afflux bund, Nepal would have the right to the following-A supply of 1000 cusecs of water in the wet season and 300 cusecs during the dry season from the date of agreement and for which India would construct the head regulator(s) near the Tanakpur barrage along with the waterways of the required capacity up to the border which would be operated jointly.India would construct a 132 kV transmission system line up to the Nepal-India border from the Tanakpur Power Station so as to supply 70 million kwh (unit) of energy on annual basis free of cost from the day the treaty is in force.In case of any development of any storage project(s) including Pancheswar Multipurpose Project, the under mentioned arrangements would be made at the Tanakpur Barrage Additional water ways and head regulators would be constructed to supply surplus water to Nepal up to the Indo-Nepal border which would be operated jointly.Nepal shall have additional energy which would be equal to half of the incremental energy generated from the Tanakpur Power Station, on a continuous basis from the date of augmentation of the flow of the Mahakali river and shall bear half of the additional capital cost at the Tanakpur Power Station for the generation of such incremental energy.Article 3As per Article 3, Pancheswar Multipurpose Pr oject would be constructed on a stretch of the Mahakali river where it forms the boundary between the two countries thereby both the nations would have an equal entitlement in the utilization of the water of the river without prejudicing to their respective real consumptive use of the waters of the river. The countries would agree to implement the project on the Mahakali river in accordance with the Detailed Project Report (DPR) being jointly vigilant by them. The project would be designed and implemented on the basis of the following principles The project would be designed to produce the maximum benefit. All benefits accruing to both the countries would be assessed accordingly.The project shall be implemented in a way to include power stations of equal capacity on each side of the Mahakali river. Both the power stations shall be operated in an integrated manner and the net energy generated shall be equally shared.The cost of the project shall be borne pro rata by both the coun tries in terms of the benefits accruing to them. Both the countries shall endeavour to mobilize the finance required for the implementation of the project.A portion of Nepals share of energy shall be sold to India and the quantum and cost of the energy would be as mutually agreed.Article 4India shall supply 350 cusecs of water for irrigation of Dodhara -Chandani area of the Nepalese Territory. The technical and other expand would be mutually worked out.Article 5The water requirement of Nepal would be given prime consideration in the utilization of the waters of the Mahakali River.Both the countries would be entitled to draw their share of water of the river from the Tanakpur Barrage and/or other mutually agreed points as provided for in the treaty and any subsequent agreement between the countries.Article 6Any project, other than those mentioned in these articles, to be developed on the Mahakali river, where it is a boundary river, shall be designed and implemented by an agreement between the countries on the principles established by this treaty.Article 7As per Article 7, to maintain the flow and desired level of the water of the Mahakali river, each country undertook not to use, obstruct or divert the water of the river which might adversely affect the natural flow and level except by an agreement between the countries. However, this would not preclude the use of the waters of the Mahakali river by the local communities living along both the sides of the river, not exceeding five percent of the average annual flow of the river at Pancheswar.Article 8Article 8 stipulates that this treaty should not preclude planning, survey, development and operation of any work on the tributaries of the Mahakali river, to be carried out independently by either of the country in their own country without adversely affecting the provision of Article 7.Article 9As per Article 9, there shall be a Mahakali river Commission guided by the principles of equality, mutual benefit and no harm to either of the country. The Commission would be composed of equal number of representatives from both the countries. The functions of the Commission would be as under-To seek information, inspect all structures included in the treaty and brand recommendations to take steps for implementation of the provision of the treaty.To make recommendations to both the countries for the conservation and utilization of the Mahakali river as envisaged and provided for in the treaty.To provide expert evaluation of projects and recommendations.To co-ordinate and monitor plans of actions arising out of the implementation of the treaty.To examine any differences arising between the nations concerning the interpretation and application of the treaty.The expenses of the Commission would be borne equally by both the countries. The Commission once naturalized would submit the rules of procedure as drafted to both the countries for their concurrence and both the nations shall reserve their r ights to directly deal with each other on matters, which may be in the competence of the Commission.Article 10Under Article 10, both the countries could form project specific joint entities for the development, execution and operation of new projects including Pancheswar Multipurpose Project on the Mahakali river for mutual benefit.Article 11Article 11 states that if the Commission fails under Article 9 of the treaty to recommend its opinion on any dispute relating to the matter within a span of three months or if either of the countries disagrees with the recommendations of the Commission, then it would be deemed that the dispute has arisen and would be submitted to arbitration for decision. In such a case also the country going for such a stand would give a minimum of three months notice to the other.Arbitration would be conducted by a tribunal composed of three arbitrators. One arbitrator shall be nominated by Nepal, one by India and the third jointly by both the countries. Howev er neither of the arbitrator should be a national of either of the country. The third arbitrator would preside over the tribunal. In case both the countries fail to agree upon the third arbitrator, then, in a time period of three months after receipt of a proposal, either of the nations can request the Secretary-General of the ineradicable Court of Arbitration at the Hague to appoint such arbitrator who should not be a national of either country.The procedures of the arbitration would be determined by the arbitration tribunal and the decision of a majority of the arbitrators would be assumed as the decision of the tribunal and would be accepted as final and binding.For the provision for the venue of arbitration, the administrative support and the remuneration and expenses of its arbitrators would be as agreed upon by exchange of notes between the nations and in that, both the countries can decide on alternative procedures for settling differences which would have aroused in the tre aty.Article 12Following the conclusion of the treaty, the earlier understanding arrived at by both the countries concerning the utilization of the waters of the Mahakali river from the Sarda and the Tanakpur barrage, which had been incorporated in the treaty was to be deemed to have replaced by this treaty.The treaty would be subject to ratification and would enter into force on the date of exchange of instruments of ratification and would remain valid for seventy five years from the date of its entry into force.The treaty would be reviewed after every ten years or earlier as required by either of the country and make amendments if required.CHAPTER IVISSUES OF CONFLICTThe treaty came into existence on 12 February 1996. The articles lacked specificity which led to ambiguity over the interpretation of the treaty. The differences which emerged out after the treaty came into existence are given in succeeding paragraphs.The Issue of Border River and medical prognosis of Equal Sharing18 As far as border river is concerned, the river acts as boundary river on major stretches (refer Appendix P put sketch as per pg placed water of hope). Nepal argues that the river is a border river where both the countries differ as far as the interpretation of treaty is concerned. As far as equal sharing is concerned, Nepal argues that as the river belongs to both the countries therefore each country owns 50 percent water. The river flows as a boundary river between Pancheswar and Banbassa. As Nepal has interpreted the issue of equal entitlement, it claims half of the share of the river water between the locations. However Indias stand is that equal sharing implies that the river per se does not belong to either of the country and can be used by either as per the requirement. Upper riparian country cannot own any water and subsequently sell it to lower riparian country where the lower riparian country as such would receive the water due to natural flow. For India, equal sharing imp lies that both the countries equally share the incremental benefit and cost that is attached to the Pancheswar project.Existing Consumptive Use19 Another major difference that exists is regarding the protection of consumptive use. Nepals concern is that in the treaty, only Nepals existing consumptive usage has been quantified and not of India. Furthermore as per the treaty (Article 3), the sharing of the capital cost of the Pancheswar project would be proportionate to the relative incremental benefit which have to be considered after protecting existing consumptive use of water of the river. Nepals concern is that the 2 mha land irrigated from lower Sarda barrage is outside the scope of the agreement as it is mostly dependent on the water from Ghagra or Karnali river for most part of the year and is dependent on the Mahakali river only from July to October. However Indias stand on this issue is that the system is very much under the treaty.The Kalapani Issue Kalapani as experts feel is a disputed area. It is roughly a 35 sq km area at the junction of India, Nepal and China20. Indian troops have been stationed there since 1962. There is though no relation between the boundary issue at Kalapani and the Pancheswar project but one of the strictures passed along on Mahakali in Nepalese Parliament states Mahakali as well as the location of its sources basically as a border river21. A Parliamentary committee took up studies to clarify the status of the Mahakali river and the issue of Kalapani emerged. As per the 1816 Segauli Treaty between Nepal and British India, Mahakali river would mark as the border between India and Nepal. The issue of contention is as to which of the stream actually constitutes as the source of the river. Nepals stand is that the Lipu Gad rivulet should mark as the border which implies that the area of Kalapani which is to further east should be part of Nepalese territory, however Indian experts feel that the Mahakali river beings much downstre am where the stream from Kalapani spring and Lipu Gad meet. India however reiterates that the issue should be settled based on old records, documents and survey reports.Site for Re regulating Structure.22 A site was needed below the main dam to store and subsequently make controlled release of water passing through the Pancheswar dam and then meet the irrigation requirements further downstream.There were two locations which rose for countersign for construction of re regulating structure. First was at Rupaligad which Nepal preferred during the negotiation of the treaty. A re regulating structure at Rupaligad would generate about 240 MW of electricity owing to low height, of about 60 m. Also due to the low height, it would have limited storage capacity. For India, the site did not offer much benefit owing to lower production of energy and offers little of her irrigation demand. Indian experts feel that the site further downstream at Poornagiri would enable construction of a re regul ating structure of 180 m height which would produce up to 1000 MW of energy as well as provide adequate storage. Nepals concern on this issue is that a dam at this site would inundate 2, 50,000 hectares of agricultural land and also displace 56,000 people from Nepal hills. Nepal looks at the proposal as a project designed by India to irrigate vast tracts of agricultural land in Uttar Pradesh.The Question of Power Tariff With the project in place a maximum of 6480 MW of electricity can be derived. As per Article 3 of the treaty, the power stations of equal capacity should be constructed on eithe

Questions Regarding Balance Sheets And Assets Finance Essay

Questions Regarding Balance Sheets And Assets Finance EssayThe first type of financial plus is in the form of a asseverate that is kept against the earnings or the money of a firm or even a household or the Government for that matter.It is also of the form of a certification, or a receipt, a legal file or one that it maintained as a database in the computer. A financial asset is presently used in accordance with the technology that has developed of late.In some(prenominal) cases where the traditional approach is still being used, it is also of the form of currency. The relative immensity of the financial assets has changed over the past five years with the use of improved technology that the world has. There argon easier sources of transportation as compared to what used to be in initial times. The financial assets can be increased in diversities because their physical form is not all that important. They do not depreciate as it used to be one of the restrictions about five deca des ago. Now that the amount of securities acquit changed over the past many years, it is sensible to include more make out of financial assets. This is because there never used to be market forces like equity, debt and derivatives in the initial days. As the options of making money through financial assets have increased so much over the past five decades, there is more take of people interested in the same. The primary risk associated with opposite forms of securities as a representation of financial asset is different. For examples, the debts are of high risk for the company as they have to be paid at the earlier and the equity is of highest risk for the investors as they would be paid last. (Types of financial assets, 2010)Question 10.What is meant by a off- balance sheet activity? What are some of the forces creditworthy for them?Off-balance sheet activities are those activities that are associated with the savings of a business which are not inclusive of loans or deposits. These activities are known to generate a life-threatening level of fees but at the same time, the liabilities or the assets that they produce or habitually contingent in nature and they do not appear in the balance sheets without having the distinction of an actual asset or a liability which has a value or a cost associated with it. There are many examples of the same. Some of them include interest rate switch overs, commitments in loans, resources that are associated with the selling of assets etc. The forces behind the off sheet activities are as followsImprovement in SecurityIncrement in GlobalizationAdvancement in technologyInnovation in the field of financeDeregulationQuestion 11.How does one call between an off- balance sheet asset and an off balance sheet activities liability?All those entities of businesses, households and even Governments that are representation of resources which would be of a future tense benefit are included amongst the off-balance financial assets . It indicates a positive signal even though it is not included in the balance sheet. The benefit with the off-balance asset lies in the fact that it is not included in calculating the taxes of the firm.These are some of the items that are not mentioned in the balance sheet but would certainly require a future payment to be made. There are many examples of the same. They are litigation guarantees put outd by firms for a founder performance in the future, renegotiation especially that done with the Government.The above mentioned off-balance sheet assets and liabilities can be differentiated on the basis of the positive and the negative returns that they are bound to give in the future. Even though they are not mentioned in the balance sheet, an experienced personality in finance can make a distinction establish on the future prospects. (Off-Balance Sheet Liability, 2010)Question 12.What are the main off balance sheet activities undertaken by mercantile banks?Due to the level of ri sk multiform in the current financial markets, major commercial banks and even non-banking institutions, foreign institutions, and also many commercial banks have now started to use a number of ways of making non-traditional earnings as a source of income. So, there are many loan commitments and others as mentioned that are being used so as to make incomes. Amongst the mentioned activities, the major ones that are now being used predominantly by the commercial banks are as followsInterest Rate Swaps (SWAP)This is a particular type of contract that is used to swap the rate of payment of interest from fixed to variable or even vice-versa. So, whenever there is a requirement to change a fixed rate of interest stream to that including a variable rate of interest stream, this commercial activity is adopted. The risks that are associated with the swaps is measured in terms of the swap in the rate of interest to the total assets of the company. One would generally consider a negative rel ationship between the measurement of swap and the rate of interest.Question 14.What is the difference between economies of scale and economies of backdrop?Economies of scale deals with the change in the output as compared to the cost incurred. It must be acknowledge here that the economies of scale estimates the fact that the output can be more than doubled for having lesser than double cost incurred by the firm. There is also a contradiction which is mentioned as the fact that diseconomies of scale mean to double the output would require more than doubling in the cost. Hence, economy of scale is basically a function of the production as a measurement of the cost incurred in the same.As far as economies of mountain chain is concerned, it deals with the fact that of two firms work in a colligation manner, then the concerned output would be more than the sum of the output when two forms work individually. This takes into count the fact that a joint production would require only th e work of a few laborers which when working in individual forms would only interfere with the jobs of the others. So, in other words the economies of scope notifies the total amount of resources for a particular joint firm is lesser than the individual firms which are only associated with spoiling the job. The terms say that it is always better to work as joint firms rather than individual firms so as to make maximum profits. The only fault that comes along is the risk that follows. So, the cost of economies of scope just involves the risk of working together. If this can be minimized, firms should work together.Question 19.How do small bank activities differ from large bank activities?Small banks are basically involved in fosterage funds for businesses of a smaller level. These banks are mainly concerned with the coronation of the form of foreign corporate investment, guile finance, facility of transactions internationally, and also foreign real estate. As far as the larger bank s are concerned, they are basically involved in raising funds for businesses and also for registration with the Government authority of that country. Equities and debts and issues and then making sales of the same in the market are all done by the larger banks. Initially, the investment banks were indulged in more or less selling of securities but now they are also concerned with mergers and acquisitions. These banks did not deal with the general public in the past but now they have been doing that ever since the point of equality developed with the development of technology.Question 20.How has the performance of the commercial banking constancy changed in the last decade?The performance of commercial banks has changed drastically over the last many years. Initially, the commercial banks would simply be engaged in investment banking. But the conditions have changed drastically ever since. The reason for the same is that it also includes the functioning of underwriting, being an int ermediary between investment in public and an issue of securities amongst them. They have also started to be engaged in mergers and acquisitions even with the corporate organizations, they have also started to act like brokers for the clients in other financial institutions and banks. The commercial banks have therefore started to use the change in technology much to their benefits and also of those of the clients. So, they have made it extremely easier for the general public with the introduction of the facilities as has been mentioned.

Impact of Wind Farms on Wild Life Avian Mortality

Impact of convolute Farms on Wild Life Avian mortalityHumanity depending on oil, coal and gas to produce energy is destroying many ecosystems around the world. They are reaching crisis levels, decision alternative energy source is critical. Wind power, fire be viable energy source that costs very less than other power producers. Wind power releases no pollutants or damaging substances like the other generators. But there are some issues even with range-energy such as birdwatch mortality.Birds are getting k seriouslyed through collisions with turbines and other musical accompaniment structures of envelop-energy. Construction associated with wind turbines clear vegetation around the area, disturbing natural nesting area of birds and other wildlife. Many check up ons contain been conducted at various locations around the ballock from 1990 regarding bird.In the recent surveys, it is revealed that huge number of bat fatalities at wind energy facilities at different sites of w ind farms all across the globe. The surveys are through based on the carcass found near the wind turbine, but it is speculated that this method doesnt show the actual number of animal killed.According to the Globe and get out article Wind farm turbines deadly for birds, bats a study conducted between July and December of 2009 at Wolfe Island with 86 huge turbines showed, 602 birds and 1,270 bats were killed by the turbines everywhere that stretch. These numbers are in consistent with other wind farms in North America. Similar condition is estimated by The Spanish Ornithological Society in Madrid that Spains 18,000 wind turbines may be killing 6 million to 18 million birds and bats annually according to article The trouble with turbines An ill wind byMeera Subramanian.At another big farm, The Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area, California housing 5,400 wind turbine they conducted a study where they searched for bird carcasses within 50 m of 4,074 wind turbines for periods ranging fro m 6 months to 4.5 years. exploitation mortality estimates adjusted for searcher detection and scavenger removal rates, They estimated the annual wind turbine-caused bird fatalities to number 67 golden eagles, 188red-tailed hawks, 348 American kestrels , 440 burrowing owls , 1,127 raptors, and 2,710 birds according acrticle Bird Mortality in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area, California by Smallwood, K Shawn.Many believe that the survey numbers are underestimated. To solve these issues many steps have been taken such as estimating various aspects of the survey. Aspects include estimated area to find carcass, probability of finding carcass, persistence rate and the number of carcasses found divided by estimated detection probability to obtain precise bird fatalities according to article Ecological wallops of wind farms on birdsQuestions,hypotheses,and research needs by Shifeng Wang, SicongWang , Pete Smith (600). The article also states that new technologies have also been imple mented to further the research such as remote sensing technologies into the monitoring experiments. Radar which uses microwaves to detect objects in the sky and build images based on it which is being used to determine and evaluate birds escape valve pattern. Other technologies include thermal infrared imaging cameras used to observe bird movement around wind turbines. These technologies certainly help in discernment and making wind farms truly eco-friendlyWind farms can also impact the habitats around them. The scale of direct habitat loss depends on the scale of wind farms and infrastructure. It is estimated around 2-5% of the total development area. According to article Information needs to support environmental impact assessment of the effects of European marine offshore wind farms on birds, by A.D.Fox Few measures have been developed and identified to decrease avian mortality by studying their biology,flight patterns and environmental surroundings. Mitigation measures can b e divideded into two categories 1) Best practice measures 2) Additional measures.Best practice measures are those which should be a standard in all wind farms and supererogatory measures are based on the aspects of wind farms such as their location, size and infrastructure.Halting wind turbine if any bird group is passing through. This can slash bird mortality rate by 50%.The Mitigation methods should be species specific.Collision reduction can be reduced through audible deterrence.Using negative reinforcement technique by playing sounds of predator birds near the turbines will decrease the chances of bird entering the radius of wind turbine.Avoiding breeding areas or critical habitats in and near the wind farm construction.Identifying the conservation areas and avoiding them. With this measure any key ecological area can be preserved such as bird habitat, endangered bird species, bird migration areas etc.Implementation of proper safety practices to protect key and sensitive areas .Providing proper training and nurture to the site workers and employing a ecologist during wind farm establishmentEstablishing proper monitoring sensors in and around the wind farms to avoid future potential bird fatalities.Establishing turbines in close vicinity. Engineering a solution to fit even big turbines.Grouping turbines together with proper estimated gaps based on the flight patterns of birds and providing minimum corridor for bird flight.Painting the turbine blades to make them to a greater extent visible during all weather conditions can reduce the collision rate of birds.Installing most of the cables underground would minimize outside infrastructure but can disturb natural habitat around.Establishing wind farms in proper time avoiding sensitive periods such as migrating season of birds.sustentation crews have to follow proper timing periods that doesnt disturb the habitat around as the crews need to use boats or helicopters for offshore installations.These are some of the measures suggested in the article Assessing the impacts of wind farms on birds by Allan L. Drewitt.There are two sides to every coin. Every man made change in the nature has both positive and negative impacts. I believed that wind farms are clean pure energy which humanity should move towards but even wind farms are having impact on wildlife habitats around. Considering the damage done by other power generators this can be minimal but thriving to make wind energy more eco-friendly is necessary. Every bird fatalities has a impact on the food chain established by the nature disturbing the food chain can have unforeseen consequences around the globe. Following the standard and necessary measures to prevent avian mortality in necessary.Works CitedRichard , Blackwell . Windfarm turbines deadly for birds, bats. Windfarm turbines deadly for birds, bats (Published Wednesday, Jun. 09 2010, 934 PM EDT ) n. pag. Web.Shifeng Wang. Ecological impacts of wind farms on birds Questions,hypoth eses,and research needs. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (2015) 600-06. Web.Meera Subramanian. Bird and Bat deaths from wind turbines. The trouble with turbines An ill wind (20 June 2012) n. pag. Web.Smallwood, K Shawn. Bird Mortality in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area, California. Journal of Wildlife Management (January 2008) 215-23. Web.ALLAN L. DREWITT. Assessing the impacts of wind farms on birds. International Journal of Avian Science (27 walk 2006) n. pag. Web.

Lord Of The Flies :: essays research papers

Lord of the move Essay zany Merridew is a symbol for savagery. From the very beginning, he seems to harbor emotions of peevishness and savagery. At first, he is the leader of his choir group, who become hunters as the book progresses. Finally, his savage personality and ability to tell tidy sum what they want to hear, allows him to overtake Ralph as chief. The three points I will be talking about in this essay are fathead&8217s character, Jack&8217s symbolism, and the moral or lesson Golding is trying to teach us throughout the story.Jack Merridew is a young boy, probably the same age as Ralph, possibly older. On pg. 20 Golding describes Jack as &8220&8230tall, thin and bony and his hair was red beneath the black cap. His face was crumpled and freckled, and ugly without silliness. Out of this face stared two light olive-drab eyes, frustrated now, and turning, or ready to turn, to anger. Jack&8217s eyes are always used in the novel to depict his emotions, as they are in the quot e above. When the boys land on the island they are all wearing their school uniforms, but Jack and his choir are wearing cloaks and caps. Oddly enough, Jack is unitary of the only boys whose last name is learned. I think the author does this to make Jack stand out. He is a very important character because throughout this whole novel, Golding depicts this island and savagery to everyday life. Jack is the perfect character to play this role due to his temperament and power hungry acts. Jack is solely concern with hunting, and cannot see the necessity of other things that can keep them alive. Fire, an important necessity, is carelessly abused and treated by Jack. His whole existence and survival depend on fire yet his mail goal is to hunt and kill. His controlling and persuasive behavior, allow him to take over the chief position towards the end of the novel. The novel, Lord of the Flies is a novel involving a great deal of symbolism. Different characters provide different symbols. J ack is a symbol of savagery and anarchy. Golding relates this to the evil and cruel people in the world. When Jack first arrives on the island he is excited to have rules for their new settlement. Jack exclaims on pg. 33 &8220 We&8217ll have rules he cried excitedly. &8220Lots of rules&8230 Jack changes his view on rules towards the end of the story because he rebels from Ralph&8217s leadership and starts his own clan.

Suicide :: essays research papers

           Nobody chooses to be born but we all have the option to take our bear life. Teenagers face many problems in todays society. Depression, gangs and drugs atomic number 18 all negative pressures on adolescents. Suicide,( a very serious issue) seems to come up more and more often. "I am depressed, ashamed of my looks, I have no friendsnothing," a troubled teenager would say, "Killing myself is the only solution." Is it? According to statistics, "suicide is the third leading drift of death among young people 15 to 25 years of age, following unintentional injuries and homicide". Across the country, psychologists are treating the "suicidal teenager" with counseling and even medication. Family and friends are also very supportive. But who is to say if one should live or die. When we are born we live until we die, but when is that? When you get run over by a car? Drown? Executed, or when you kill yourself? Society tends to put a lot of pressure onto those people with mental and physical disabilities. Making them smelling like something is seriously wrong. Some people believe that being homosexual is wrong and all gays should be wiped of the face of the earth. Why do they believe this? Because in the appearance that they were raised their environment taught them that being gay is wrong. In our society today anything said or done can be easily uttered incorrectly and therefore misunderstood. in that respect is always someone that is going to dissect and analysis each and everything someone says or does. Leaving people hopelessly misinterpreted. There is no truth in what people say the only truth is whatever you want to believe. Some people may believe that an effective way to make a statement is by committing suicide.Born only to die. What is life? Is it going to school, getting a good job, making lots of money or committing suicide? It depends on what your values and morals are. We are all going to die eventually, but it doesnt have to be now. If problems appear there is always a solution, it is your option what to do about it and killing yourself should not be an option. No one has the right to say self-murder is wrong, it may be stupid but if you exact to kill yourself it is you that decides what life is. I have had a few friends who have seriously considered ending their life.