Techniques Of Creating Stop Motion

Techniques Of Creating expose the sack doingThe dissertation foc p subterfuges on the proficiencys and mode actings of creating tick gesture and how it is implemented on various forms of visual media. The initial motivation for the cognitive content and structure of this dissertation is establish on personal experience during my swan and a similar almost research on it. Several research and reviews in addition helped me to specify and provide certain suggestions.This dissertation depart briefly condone close to what atomic number 18 chequer dubiousness and diverse techniques and method of creating pulley-block exercise. And also study how to improvise and implement the ascertain act in the modern CGI media manufacture. An introduction to some of the most public tokens of transgress exertion. The types of burst transaction reviewed and discussed in this dissertation takePuppet vivificationPuppetoon dust mationCut aside lifespansilhouette lifespanModel brisklihoodGo exploit object lifetimeGraphic lifetimePixilationChapter 1 Introduction gunpoint-move livelihood is described as a type of biography farmd or intentional by physically manipulating or altering real- domain of a function or physical designs and is photographed or captured them on one inclose of a film at a single fourth dimension. And when it plays altogether it go out throw the illusion of movement. in that respect atomic number 18 more various types of peak- question animation, unremarkably named or tagged after the type of media or port utilise to piddle the animation. There argon m any Computer software is widely available in the market to crap this type of animation.In late 80s learn achievement deform less-traveled due to its strange appeal and unorthodox style of animating character. bar exploit was widely used in special effect specially in 80s.The growth and traditional closedown social movement has been kept unrecorded by majuscule directors like Tim Burton and Nick commons. Stop cause is usually the take a shit of an oneman craftsmanship performing all the duties under intense minginess on one draw up at a time while, CGI or 3D special effect sequences tend to lease miniature root word devoted or appointed people to their specialized tasks. In scathe of larger debates, obstruct proceeding generally wins over the traditional artistically-based 3d animation because its handcrafted naturally and lively and trick be corrected any moment by keeping its traditional art story telescope of design and sculpture, At the end its a magic show in which actual physical or real world objects have been handled or manipulated in a office which produces an illusion of doing to the audience1. enquiry questionWhat is displace operationWhat are the types , methods and technique for creating revert bmWhat are role and importance of tv camera in deflect apparent social movementWhat are the pros and cons of expect enquiry in workWhat is the proto(prenominal) of stop transaction2. AimThe dissertation aims to find out the role and techniques of stop bm in visual media industry and also how it send away be implemented in toast multiplication media industry.3. ObjectivesTo de comely stop apparent motion and its historyTo explain the contrasting method and techniques involved in creating stop motionTo explain how the camera make on creating stop motionTo analyze the pros and cons of stop motionTo analyze the integration between the techniques of stop motion with new generation computer graphics media4. Summary of chapters4. a. Stop motionThis section provides the introductuion and the brief history of the stop motion. The reader will understand what exactly stop motion is.4. b. Different types of stop motionThis section explains the different types of stop motion, the technique and method to create it and also the re base and artist behind it.4. c. Camera in stop motio nThe sections explain of choosing the camera and the requirement for it. A brief summary of camera and also the merits and demerits of each one4. d. Stop motion in present day media industryThis section explains how it is integrated in new generation media industry and also the impact of stop motion over the traditional animators4. e. Review of some popular stop motionThis section provides the use of different technique and method in each individual photo from past and present day media.4. f. Future of stop motionStop motion and 3D integration with stereoscopyThis section briefly explains the future enhancements and technology involved in the next-generation of stop motion in the media industryChapter 2 Review of literatureCreating a stop motion is extensive and painstaking process than any opposite form of art .the production is a very time consuming and should take care of woodcarver or the modeler and also the practiced issue like trope rate and the camera . So in producti on these affaires should be put to death in a sizable rhythm to get a fine createThe production behind the project should give the proper reenforcement and take care the whole pipeline. The stop motion makes believe, that real object and physical contours comes alive(p) lives in front of them. Its purely an artist work. alone in the world of 3d, the stop motion got some great quarrel to face. 3d animation takes a pitiful duration of production time regarding stop motion. So parking arealy the 3d got popular in the industry. still in present world of media industry at that place are some stop motion enthusiast and director who kept this art alive and bringing a new form of stop motion. The stop motion is purely an intrinsic work and effort of each sculptor or a modeler.So the basic idea of stop motion is the process technique and methods involved etc, is to understand in the lead an artist and he digest go ahead and create a stop motion in the production phase. This wa y he would be able to understand the technique to create a good stop motionChapter 2 Literature reviewArticle by Ken A. Priebe (2006) mention rough the art of stop motion and alsoHow to create beasts and how to bring them to life and create a stop-motion film.Article by Tom Brierton (2006) mention and discuss about the aesthetics of stop-motion animation. He explains the technique of lighting and camera. And the article also discussed on body language of model, facial expression, gesture, movement and emotion of the model.Article by Barey. J.C .Purves (2008) mentions and discussed about the potential of dick and models insight of world most popular stop motion animators and discussed on initial concept and script makeupChapter 3 Research MethodologyThe research paper carries out a qualitative evaluation of material collected from secondary data source i.e. literatures and articles already written. The research is aimed to explain the techniques, method and overall awareness of stop motion to use in present generation production. The research methodology used is described below Description about Stop motion Different types of stop motion Technical analysis of stop motion Explanation of present day stops motion Review of some popular stop motion Analysis and report making suggestions based on the reviews Future suppurations of stop motion are explained.The theory and history behind the development of stop motion is first explained. Then the different type of stop motion is elaborated.This gives a basic idea about the technology and theory behind productionThen the various common features and criteria of production are explained to give an idea as to what exactly artists tail do.Then some review over the popular work and the techniques and method behind it,Based on the reviews, a report is made to give an idea that how it arse be implemented in the perfect wayUpcoming developments and enhancements of stop motion production are then explained in brief.Cha pter 4 Stop motionKey words Animation, stop motionAnimation is a simulation of movement created by displaying series of doubling in 2d, 3d or a model position in order to create a sequence1. DefinitionAlbert E. Smith and Stuart Blackton (1898) is the designer of first stop motion.Stop motion (also known as stop action or frame-by-frame) is an animation technique to make a physically manipulated object appear to move on its own. The object is move in small increments between individually photographed frames, creating the illusion of movement when the series of frames is compete as a continuous sequence2. OverviewAnimation as a whole rump be related as the base of different type and method of animation available in the industry. It is also considered as the different form of artAnimation are categorized by the techniques used, they includeTraditional animationStop motion2D animation3D animationHere the research is on stop motion and the stop motion is divided intoPuppet animati onPuppetoonClay mationCutout animationSilhouette animationModel animationGo motionObject animationGraphic animationPixilation3. HistoryStop motion had a long history and it is old as the traditional film. The stop motion is involved in animating objects which makes movement to nonliving objects such as toy blocks or any inanimate objects. Later the stop motion animator experimented on ashes animation and puppet animation.The early showcases of stop motion film and technique can be seen the movie Humpty Dumpty genus Circus (1898) and an a nonher(prenominal) film called Fun in bakery shop (1902)1.The obsessed hotel was very successful movie, with the cinema audience of that time (1907)The first stop motion that used in carcass animation got a great critical acclaim (1912)And was called Modeling extraordinaryThe first woman animator, capital of Montana Smith Dayton, began experimenting with clay stop motion (1916). Her first film released in 1917, Romeo and JulietThe other big cha nges in stop motion was brought by Willis o Brien by including 49 pre historic animals in his filmSome of the other notable Milestones in the History of stop motion The great stop motion animator, Ray Harryhausen received the Gordon E. Sawyer Award from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for his contributions in technology 1991. But in early 20th century the face of stop motion has dramatically changed with the development of digital 3D animation and animating 3D character and become much easier and fast which the industry was favored. So it becomes rarely used.Now the stop motion enthusiast and director who kept this art alive are bringing a new form of stop motion. The stop motion is purely an intrinsic work and effort of each sculptor or a modeler.Chapter 5 Different types of stop motionStop motion is categorized in different type, according to the media used to create the animationThey arePuppet animationPuppetoonClay animationCutout animationSilhouette animationMo del animationGo motionObject animationGraphic animationPixilationStop motion is a highly time-consuming job based on the complexity of the expectation and the different animating techniques, methods opt for.1. Puppet animationPuppet animation is a method that involves articulated puppet. These puppet figures interact with each other in a constructed environment or a set, in contrast to the real world interaction in a model animation.As on the technical side the puppets are made of constraints which allow them to move the joints to create a movement, and also the puppet will have an armature inside them keep stabilise or fixed steady in the setThe famous puppet animation works are Tale of the Fox (France, 1937), Nightmare before Christmas (US, 1993), Corpse Bride (US, 2005), Coraline (US, 2009), the films of Jiri Trnka and the TV series Robot Chicken (US, 2005-present).a. PuppetoonUnlike clay animators like Nick Park, Will Vinton or Art Clokey, George Pals animators worked in a rep lacement technique using hand-carved wooden puppets. A separate puppet (or puppet part) was used for each motion, rather than clay or hinged parts. A single walking sequence, for instance, could involve 12 pairs of legs for one character. An average Puppetoon short would use 9,000 puppets.2. Clay animationClay animation or otherwise termed as plasticine animation is commonly known as Claymation.They use clay or a different type of malleable substance to create the figure which is used for the stop motion animation. Similar to puppet animation figure this Claymation figure also have the armature or wireframe inside them and they can be manipulated or altered the figure in the particular scene or shot.There are certain films like in which the figure is entirely made of clay. By using this method they can modify the creature or the figure into another shape.Examples of clay-animated works include The Gumby yield (US, 1957-1967) Morph shorts (UK, 1977-2000), Wallace and Gromit shorts (UK, as of 1989), Jan vankmajers Dimensions of Dialogue(Czechoslovakia, 1982), The Trap Door (UK, 1984). Films include Wallace and Gromit Curse of the Were-Rabbit, Chicken Run and the Adventures of Mark Twain3. Cut out animationCutout animation is based on 2 dimensional animations. In this animation 2D objects like paper or cloth are move frame by frame to create the effect.Examples include terry Gilliams animated sequences from Monty Pythons Flying Circus (UK, 1969-1974) Fantastic Planet (France/Czechoslovakia, 1973) Tale of Tales (Russia, 1979), The pilot lamp episode of the TV series (and sometimes in episodes) of South Park (US, 1997).4. Silhouette animationSilhouette animation is a different bod of cutout animation .In this animation the characters are backlited and the result will be a silhouettes of the figureExamples include The Adventures of Prince Achmed (Weimar Republic, 1926) and Princes et princesses (France, 2000).5. Model animationModel animation refers to stop-m otion animation created to interact with and exist as a part of a live-action world. Intercutting, monotonous effects, and split subterfuges are often employed to blend stop-motion characters or objects with live actors and settings.Examples include the work ofRay Harryhausen, as seen in films such Jason and the Argonauts (1961), and the work ofWillis OBrien on films such as King Kong (1933 film).6. Go motionGo motion is a variant of model animation which uses various techniques to create motion blur between frames of film, which is not present in traditional stop-motion. The technique was invented by Industrial Light HYPERLINK http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Light__MagicHYPERLINK http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Light__Magic Magic and Phil Tippett to create special effects scenes for the film The Empire Strikes Back (1980).Another example is Vermithrax from Dragonslayer (1981 film).7. Object animationObject animation refers to the use of regular inanimate objects in stop-motion animation, as opposed to specially created items.8. Graphic animationGraphic animation uses non-drawn matte visual graphic material (photographs, newspaper clippings, magazines, etc.) which are sometimes manipulated frame-by-frame to create movement. At other times, the graphics remain stationary, while the stop-motion camera is moved to create on-screen action.9. Pixilation Pixilation involves the use of live humans as stop motion characters. This allows for a number of surreal effects, including disappearances and reappearances, allowing people to appear to slide across the ground, and other such effects.In this method live humans are used as stop-motion animation props. A very good example of this is the old sci-fi movies in which actors acting on screen used to average vanish in a split second one frame they are there and the other they are gone. An awesome example is Norman McLarens Neighbors and A Chairy Tale. A must(prenominal) watch.Examples of pixilation inc lude The Secret Adventures of Tom click and Angry Kid shorts.Chapter 6 Camera in stop motionCamera plays an burning(prenominal) role in the field of stop motion. There are certain basic requirements for the camera to shoot decent stop motion film.As the stop motion is based on frame by frame capturing, the camera should be rock solid. The other important thing are theScreen resolution, manual boil down and manual human body run across and also the types of cameras like netcams, film cameras, camcorders and digital still camera.The screen resolution will be dependent on the medium of output and the camera used. When the medium of output is web based then the web camera are mostly appreciated, and when it is broadcasting for television or other bigger screen media , a bigger camera are postulate that have broadcast resolutionThe other thing use must take care in camera are manual focus because in each frame the object will move in the field of view and this cause the focus to change .The other thing u should notice is zoom and it should be optical zoom and not digital zoom, because the digital zoom tend to pixelate.Manual image control is other main feature that can manually override gain, pictorial matter and white balance.Types of cameraWeb camerasWeb cam will be the cheapest and simplest way to make a stop motion. The plus is that unlike film cameras, there is no waiting for entire role to get exposed and developed. The beginners can start with webcam and slowly by practicing they can go for higher or expensive cameras.The merits of web cams are, they are cheap and with decent web cam we can produce a good broadcast whole step animation. And also can check feedback instantly.The demerits are that the lens cannot be interchange for better quality lensFilm cameraThe most common choice of the motion picture format is super-8, 16mm and 35mm. In this range the 35mm camera will be outside range, because it is costly and it depends on the productionIn this camera the least(prenominal) expensive is super-8 and for 16mm we must pay little more for film and processing. The small drawback of the camera is that it is having a spring drive device which is used to malarky .Because of this it cause uneven word-painting, so it is better to get an animation repulse fitted on it for the ease of work.The merits are that, the output will look like digital video. They can interchange lenses and also can offer time exposure, double exposure and matte effects.The demerits are the cost of the film, as it will cost more developing processCamcordersThere are different types of camera available in the market and can be used for filming stop motion. You can capture the live feed from the camera through frame grabber software and can make correction.For an old camcorder you should have a analog/digital converter. If it is DV camcorder you dont need a converter, just charge through fire wire or usb port. You can provide a live feed to the computer th rough the capturing software without a tape insideDigital still cameraWe can take stop motion in digital still camera and this camera offers a high resolution images. And the main feature is that you can do exposure settingThe merits are that it got higher resolution and have a good optics, and also allow lens interchangeThe demerits are they wont work with frame grabbers, and also have flicker issues.Chapter 7 Stop motion in present day media industry